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Reproductive Health Services

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Contraception Options

These birth control options are listed from most effective to least effective.

Most Effective
Least Effective

Arm Implant

(Nexplanon®)
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How to Use:

  • Provider places under the skin of the upper arm
  • Provider must remove

Bleeding Impact:

  • May cause irregular bleeding and spotting
  • Over time you may have no bleeding at all
  • Cramps often improve

Things to Know:

  • Long-lasting (up to 5
  • years) with nothing to do to make it work well
  • You can become pregnant right after it is removed
  • Rarely can experience complications during insertion or removal

Non-Hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD)

(ParaGard®)
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How to Use:

  • A clinician places it in uterus
  • Usually removed by a clinician but can be removed at home

Bleeding Impact:

  • May cause more cramps and heavier periods in some
  • May cause spotting between periods

Things to Know:

  • Long-lasting (up to 12 years) with nothing to do to make it work well
  • You can become pregnant right after removal
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus & ovaries
  • Rarely, can experience complications during insertion or removal

Hormonal (Progestin) Intrauterine Device (IUD)

(Liletta®, Mirena®, Skyla®, and others)
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How to Use:

  • A clinician places it in uterus
  • Usually removed by a clinician but can be removed at home

Bleeding Impact:

  • Cramps often improve
  • May cause lighter periods, spotting, or no periods at all

Things to Know:

  • Long-lasting (Up to 3 to 7 years, depending on IUD type) with nothing to do to make it work well
  • You can become pregnant right after removal
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus & ovaries
  • Rarely, can experience complications during insertion or removal

Sterilization

Tubal Methods or Vasectomy
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How to Use:

  • These methods block or cut the Fallopian tubes or the tubes that carry sperm from your testicles

Bleeding Impact:

  • No Impact

Things to Know:

  • Permanent with nothing to do to make it work well
  • Reversal is difficult
  • Rarely, can experience complications during the procedure
  • Female sterilization works immediately, male sterilization takes up to three months to work

Injection

(Depo-Provera®)
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How to Use:

  • Get a shot every 3 months

Bleeding Impact:

  • May cause irregular bleeding or spotting or no periods
  • Often improves heavy periods

Things to Know:

  • Each shot works for 12 weeks
  • May cause weight gain, mood changes, hair or skin changes, or change in sex drive
  • Side effects, including delay in getting pregnant, may last up to 6 - 12 months after you stop.

Vaginal Ring

(ANNOVERA®, Nuvaring®)
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How to Use:

  • Insert a small ring into the vagina for 3 weeks, remove for 1 week to get period
  • Monthly ring is changed each month, while yearly ring is changed each year

Bleeding Impact:

  • Can make monthly bleeding more regular and less painful
  • May cause spotting the first few months

Things to Know:

  • Can improve acne and PMS / period symptoms
  • You can become pregnant right after stopping
  • May cause nausea, headaches, or change in sex drive – usually improves over time
  • This method contains estrogen, which may not be recommended for certain people due to risk of blood clots or stroke
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus and ovaries

Patch

(PXulane®, Twirla®)
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How to Use:

  • Apply a new patch once a week for three weeks, then leave the patch off for 1 week to get your period

Bleeding Impact:

  • Can make monthly bleeding more regular and less painful
  • May cause spotting the first few months

Things to Know:

  • Can improve acne and PMS / period symptoms
  • You can become pregnant right after stopping
  • May cause nausea, headaches, or change in sex drive – usually improves over time
  • This method contains estrogen, which may not be recommended for certain people due to risk of blood clots or stroke
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus and ovaries

Birth Control Pills

Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Take a pill daily

Bleeding Impact:

  • Can make monthly bleeding more regular and less painful
  • May cause spotting the first few months

Things to Know:

  • Can improve acne and PMS / period symptoms
  • You can become pregnant right after stopping
  • May cause nausea, headaches, or change in sex drive – usually improves over time
  • This method contains estrogen, which may not be recommended for certain people due to risk of blood clots or stroke
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus and ovaries

Progestin Only Pills

Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Take a pill daily
  • Must take at the same time every day or it will not be effective

Bleeding Impact:

  • May cause irregular bleeding or spotting

Things to Know:

  • You can become pregnant right after stopping the pills
  • May cause depression, hair or skin changes, or change in sex drive
  • It may lower the risk of cancers of the uterus & ovaries

Diaphragm

(Caya®)
Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Put in vagina each time you have sex
  • Use with spermicide every time

Bleeding Impact:

  • No Impact

Things to Know:

  • One size fits most people
  • Non-hormonal and latex-free
  • Lasts for 2 years
  • Does not protect against STls
  • Rarely, can increase the risk of bladder infection

Internal & External Condoms

Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Use a new condom each time you have sex
  • Use a polyurethane condom if allergic to latex
  • Use extra lubrication as needed

Bleeding Impact:

  • No impact

Things to Know:

  • Can buy at many stores without a prescription
  • Can be used for oral, vaginal, and anal sex
  • Protects against HIV and other STIs
  • Can break, slip off, or move out of place

Cycle Tracking

Natural Family Planning
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How to Use:

  • Predict fertile days by keeping track of your periods, taking temperature, & /or checking vaginal mucus daily
  • Works best with more than one of these methods
  • Avoid sex or use a method like condoms on fertile days

Bleeding Impact:

  • No impact on bleeding, but does not work well if your periods are irregular

Things to Know:

  • Costs little and no prescription needed
  • Use a different method on fertile days
  • This method requires a lot of effort
  • There are many apps that help with this, the only FDA-approved version is “Natural Cycles”

Withdrawl

Pull-Out
Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Pull penis out of vagina before ejaculations (”aka” coming)

Bleeding Impact:

  • No impact

Things to Know:

  • Costs nothing
  • Less pleasure for some
  • Does not work if penis is not pulled out in time
  • Must interrupt sex

Vaginal Acidifying Gel or Spermicide

(Phexxi®, Cream, Gel, Sponge, Foam, Inserts, Film)
Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • Insert spermicide or vaginal gel each time you have sex

Bleeding Impact:

  • No impact

Things to Know:

  • Can buy spermicide at many stores, Vaginal Acidifying Gel requires a prescription
  • Can be put in as part of sex play/foreplay
  • Does not have any hormones
  • Spermicide may raise the risk of getting HIV
  • May irritate vagina, penis

Emergency Contraception Pills

Progestin EC (Plan B® One-Step and others) ulipristal acetate (ella®)
Download the Brochure

How to Use:

  • You can take EC up to 5 days after unprotected sex, but works best the sooner you take it
  • If pack contains 2 pills, take both at once

Bleeding Impact:

  • Your next monthly bleeding may come early or late
  • May cause spotting the first few months

Things to Know:

  • It works better the sooner you take it
  • Anyone can get progestin EC at pharmacies without a prescription, Ulipristal acetate EC requires a prescription
  • May cause nausea
  • Ulipristal acetate EC works better than progestin EC if your body mass index (BMI) is over 26 or if it has been more than 3 days after sex.

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